Since the beginning of 2018, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has implemented the spirit of the 19 CPC National Congress and the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, with focus on serving the real economy, defending against financial risks and deepening financial reforms. The SAFE has tightened regulations of the foreign exchange market, investigated and punished acts violating foreign exchange laws and regulations, and cracked down on false transactions and frauds. In accordance with the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on the Disclosure of Government Information (Decree No. 492 of the State Council), a selection of typical cases where foreign exchange regulations were violated are presented as follows:

Case 1: Entrepot trade handled by Huaxia Bank Shanghai Branch against regulations

From November 2015 to January 2016, without carrying out due diligence investigations into the authenticity of entrepot trade as required, Huaxia Bank Shanghai Branch handled the payments and purchases of foreign exchange for entrepot trade based on the false bills of lading presented.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, the bank was fined RMB 2 million and suspended from selling foreign exchange to companies for two years.

Case 2: Entrepot trade handled by the Bank of Communications Xiamen Branch Qianpu Sub-branch against regulations

From January to August 2016, without carrying out due diligence investigations into the authenticity of entrepot trade as required, the Bank of Communications Xiamen Branch Qianpu Sub-branch handled the payments and purchases of foreign exchange for entrepot trade based on the false bills of lading presented.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, the bank was fined RMB 6 million and suspended from selling foreign exchange to companies for three months, with senior executives and other persons directly liable for the violation ordered to take responsibility for the violation.

Case 3: Entrepot trade handled by Nanyang Commercial Bank (China) Hangzhou Branch against regulations

From March to August 2016, without carrying out due diligence investigations into the authenticity of entrepot trade as required, Nanyang Commercial Bank (China) Hangzhou Branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for entrepot trade based on the false or irrelevant bills of lading presented.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, RMB 1.31 million was fined and confiscated.

Case 4: Entrepot trade handled by the Bank of Beijing Shanghai Branch against regulations

In July 2017, without carrying out a due diligence investigation into the authenticity of entrepot trade as required, the Bank of Beijing Shanghai Branch handled the payment of foreign exchange for entrepot trade based on the bills of lading repetitively presented.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, RMB 840,000 was fined and confiscated.

Case 5: Trade financing handled by the Bank of Jinzhou Dalian Branch against regulations

From September to October 2015, the Bank of Jinzhou Dalian Branch handled trade financing for a company based on the Customs Report of another company.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, RMB 529,800 was fined and confiscated.

Case 6: Trade financing handled by Huishang Bank Hefei Branch Tian'ehu Sub-branch against regulations

From September to November 2016, Huishang Bank Hefei Branch Tian'ehu Sub-branch handled trade financing for a company based on a Customs report repetitively presented.

The bank violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations, RMB 400,000 was fined.

Case 7: Onshore guarantees by China Minsheng Bank Xiamen Branch for offshore loans against regulations

From August 2014 to December 2016, China Minsheng Bank Xiamen Branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for the execution and performance of the contracts on onshore guarantees for offshore loans, without carrying out required due diligence investigations with regard to qualifications of the debtors, purposes of the loans, expected sources of repayments, possibility of performing the contracts on guarantees, as well as relevant transaction backgrounds.

The bank violated Article 12 and 28 of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration for Cross-border Guarantees. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, a total of RMB 22.40 million was fined and confiscated, and the bank was suspended from selling foreign exchange to companies for three months.

Case 8: Onshore guarantees by the Bank of Guangzhou Shenzhen Branch for offshore loans against regulations

From May 2015 to January 2017, the Bank of Guangzhou Shenzhen Branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for the execution and performance of the contracts on onshore guarantees for offshore loans, without carrying out required due diligence investigations, with regard to qualifications of the debtors, purposes of the loans, expected sources of repayments, possibility of performing the contracts on guarantees, as well as relevant transaction backgrounds.

The bank violated Article 12 and 28 of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration for Cross-border Guarantees. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, a total of RMB 2.958 million was fined and confiscated.

Case 9: Onshore guarantees by Xiamen International Bank Quanzhou Branch for offshore loans against regulations

From June 2015 to July 2016, Xiamen International Bank Quanzhou Branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for the execution and performance of the contracts on onshore guarantees for offshore loans, despite the fact that the bank knew the companies' offshore loans were non-performing and it was set to perform the contracts on guarantees.

The bank violated Article 12 and 28 of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration for Cross-border Guarantees. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, RMB 2.80 million was fined.

Case 10: Onshore guarantees by Hana Bank Guangzhou Branch for offshore loans against regulations

From July to December 2015, Hana Bank Guangzhou Branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for the execution and performance of the contracts on onshore guarantees for offshore loans, without carrying out required due diligence investigations with regard to expected sources of repayments, and relevant transaction backgrounds.

The bank violated Article 12 and 28 of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration for Cross-border Guarantees. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, a total of RMB 2.1626 million was fined and confiscated, and the bank was suspended from selling foreign exchange to companies for six months, with senior executives and other persons directly liable for the violation ordered to take responsibility for the violation.

Case 11: Onshore guarantees by the Bank of Tianjin No. 6 Central Sub-branch for offshore loans against regulations

From January 2016 to July 2017, the Bank of Tianjin No. 6 Central Sub-branch handled the payments of foreign exchange for the execution and performance of the contracts on onshore guarantees for offshore loans, without carrying out required due diligence investigations with regard to expected sources of repayments, possibility of performing the contracts on guarantees, as well as relevant transaction backgrounds.

The bank violated Article 12 and 28 of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration for Cross-border Guarantees. In accordance with Article 47 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, a total of RMB 7.4025 million was fined and confiscated.

Case 12: Individual foreign exchange business handled by the Bank of China Putian Branch against regulations

From January 2016 to April 2017, the Bank of China Putian Branch handled split-up sales and payments of individual foreign exchange and withdrawals of foreign currency banknotes.

The bank violated Article 7 and 34 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange. In accordance with Article 47 and 48 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, RMB 700,000 was fined.

Case 13: Individual foreign exchange business handled by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Shenzhen Branch against regulations

From October 2017 to January 2018, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Shenzhen Branch handled the settlements of individual foreign exchange without reviewing the valid ID certificates of individuals in China and the nature of funds as required.

The bank violated Article 9 and 6 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange. In accordance with Article 47 and 48 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, RMB 430,000 was fined.

Case 14: Foreign exchange evasion by DDBill Payment Co., Ltd.

From January 2016 to October 2017, DDBill Payment Co., Ltd. went through cross-border payments of foreign exchange in the amount of USD 15.588 million, based on false logistic information.

The company violated Article 12 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and was involved in foreign exchange evasion, which had severely disturbed the order of the foreign exchange market and led to serious consequences. In accordance with Article 39 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 15.308 million.

Case 15: Foreign exchange evasion by PayEase (Beijing) Technology Ltd.

From February 2016 to June 2017, PayEase (Beijing) Technology Ltd. went through split-up purchases and payments of foreign exchange in the amount of USD 1.59 million, based on automatic setup of the system.

The company violated Article 14 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and was involved in foreign exchange evasion, which had severely disturbed the order of the foreign exchange market and led to serious consequences. In accordance with Article 39 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 1.0745 million.

Case 16: Violations of regulations on foreign exchange administration by Alipay (China) Network Technology Co., Ltd.

From January 2014 to May 2016, Alipay (China) Network Technology Co., Ltd. went through cross-border payments of foreign exchange beyond the approved scope and misstated the balance of payments.

The company violated Article 6 of the Guidelines for the Pilot Program of Cross-border Payments of Foreign Exchange by Payment Institutions and Article 7 of the Measures for Declaration of Balance of Payments Statistics. In accordance with Article 48 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, the company was fined RMB 600,000.

Case 17: Violations of regulations on foreign exchange administration by Tenpay Payment Technology Co., Ltd.

From January 2015 to June 2017, Tenpay Payment Technology Co., Ltd. handled cross-border payments of foreign exchange for non-residents without going through the filing procedures, and failed to submit the unusual risk report as required.

The company violated Article 35 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 48 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 600,000.

Case 18: Violations of regulations on foreign exchange administration by Shanghai Shengpay E-Payment Service Co., Ltd.

From January 2015 to June 2017, Shanghai Shengpay E-Payment Service Co., Ltd. handled cross-border payments without abiding by relevant regulations and misstated the balance of payments.

The company violated Article 9 and 6 of the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the Implementation of the Pilot Program of Cross-border Foreign Exchange Payment Business through Payment Institutions. In accordance with Article 39 and 48 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, the company was fined RMB 625,000.

Case 19: Foreign exchange evasion by Qingdao Zerui Kaimao Foreign Trade Co., Ltd.

Between January and December 2016, Qingdao Zerui Kaimao Foreign Trade Co., Ltd. paid USD 16.9289 million in foreign exchange by fabricating trade backgrounds and using false contracts and invoices.

The company violated Article 12 and 14 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and was involved in foreign exchange evasion, which had severely disturbed the order of the foreign exchange market and led to serious consequences. In accordance with Article 39 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 5.60 million.

Case 20: Foreign exchange evasion by HaiKe Chemical Group Ltd. in Shandong

In July 2016, HaiKe Chemical Group Ltd. in Shandong paid USD 22.9683 million in foreign exchange by fabricating entrepot trade backgrounds and using false contracts and invoices.

The company violated Article 9 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and was involved in foreign exchange evasion, which had severely disturbed the order of the foreign exchange market and led to serious consequences. In accordance with Article 39 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 7 million.

Case 21: False trade financing by Anhui Whywin International Co., Ltd.

From January to December 2016, Anhui Whywin International Co., Ltd. went through procedures for trade financing that involved USD 16.6675 million in total by presenting invalid trade documents and repetitively using the trade documents.

The company violated Article 12 and 14 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 40 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 5.25 million.

Case 22: Illegal foreign exchange settlement by Nanjing Samu'er Medical Instruments Co., Ltd.

From August 2013 to June 2016, Nanjing Samu'er Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. went through inward remittances of capital and settlements of foreign exchange of USD 34.60 million based on false contracts.

The company violated Article 23 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and was involved in illegal foreign exchange settlements. In accordance with Article 41 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 4.2989 million.

Case 23: Changes of the purposes of foreign exchange settlements for capital funds by Guangdong Heshan Ruishun Sales Co., Ltd. without permission

From December 2016 to March 2017, Guangdong Heshan Ruishun Sales Co., Ltd. went through inward remittances of capital funds and settlements of foreign exchange of HKD 25.411 million by fabricating the purposes of the funds.

By changing the purposes of foreign exchange settlements without permission, the company violated Article 23 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration. In accordance with Article 44 of the Regulations, the company was fined RMB 1.125 million.

Case 24: Illegal purchases and sales of foreign exchange by Mr. Zhong, native of Hunan

From October 2013 to October 2016, to transfer his assets overseas without abiding by the law, Mr. Zhong transferred RMB 43.711 million into the domestic account controlled by an underground bank, exchanged the money into foreign exchange and then transferred the foreign exchange via the underground bank into his overseas account.

Zhong violated Article 30 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange and was considered breaking the laws on the purchases and sales of foreign exchange. In accordance with Article 45 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, Zhong was fined RMB 3.059 million.

Case 25: Illegal purchases and sales of foreign exchange by Mr. Deng, native of Sichuan

From February to August 2016, to obtain illegal gains, Mr. Deng exchanged RMB into HKD or vice versa many times via an underground bank, which involved RMB 13.6235 million in total.

Deng violated Article 30 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange and was considered breaking the laws on the purchases and sales of foreign exchange. In accordance with Article 45 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, Deng was fined RMB 2.0436 million.

Case 26: Purchases and sales of foreign exchange by Mr. Xu, native of Sichuan, without permission

In March 2017, Mr. Xu paid RMB 60 million to a domestic enterprise via a company he controlled to purchase US dollars without permission.

Xu violated Article 30 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange by getting involved in the purchases and sales of foreign exchange without permission. In accordance with Article 45 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, Xu was fined RMB 5.70 million.

Case 27: Foreign exchange evasion by Mr. Zhao, native of Hebei, through split-up

From January 2016 to December 2017, to transfer his assets overseas without abiding by the law, Mr. Zhao split up his personal funds, used the annual quotas of 55 individuals including his own to buy foreign exchange and transferred the foreign exchange into the overseas accounts. The funds thus transferred hit USD 2.4531 million in total.

Zhao violated Article 7 of the Measures for the Administration of Individual Foreign Exchange and was involved in foreign exchange evasion. In accordance with Article 39 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, Zhao was fined RMB 1.16 million.